BIOMED NOTES 24/25

1. Why Arts of Argument? State the 7 soft skills.  communication skills basic skills to interact with people verbal & non verbal leadership skills  conduct or manage the team teamwork skills communicate and adapt to the team critical thinking & problem solving long live learning learn from mistakes company's training ethics & moral value follow SOP morality: honest, responsible, respect proper manner & service entrepreneurship skills  build a business generate profit to company  2. British Parliament Debate. split into 2 opposing side government (in favor of motion) prime minister: introduce motion deputy PM: argue against the contention, introduce points and evidence to strengthen argument government member whip: summarize and close debate convincingly opposition (against motion) leader of opposition: argue against PM's claims, introduce motion deputy member whip each side with opening & closing teams -2 speakers each each team given time limit t...

Breeding  Importance of reproductive success: Validity of research findings  -model for study human ds & test new therapies -stable supply of genetically uniform animals for reproducibility & reliability of research results -efficient reproduction -maintain controlled breeding programs  -facilitate study of specific genetic traits & their effects on health & ds Economic implications -productivity & profitability  -economic loss due to increase cost in breeding programs, veterinary care & reduced output  -optimize use of space, food, and care for animals Understanding reproductive biology -research insights: understand reproductive biology -hormonal regulation, mating behaviors, developmental processes improve reproductive technologies in both animal husbandry & human medicine -comparative studies: insights gained from lab species can be compared with wild populations to identify factors influence reproductive success across different ...

Reproduction  Breeding: the activity of keeping animals in order to produce animals that have particular qualities Importance: consistent animal supply -no over/under breeding  optimized breeding programs -mating schedule, monitor estrus cycle, ensure high fertility rates genetic integrity -genetic uniform reproductive biology models -study fertility, pregnancy, development biology  age standardized animals -reduce variability  hormonal influence on research results -standardize conditions & interpret data accurately by understanding factors  genetic modifications -generate transgenic model for advanced studies  environmental adaptations -light cycle, temp, nutrition -well being & productivity  welfare considerations -identify stressor, improve housing, handling, care Altricial: immature - unable to care for themselves Precocial: mobile & independent within hours/days following birth or hatch Female reproductive system Function: produce ovu...

Primary enclosure: cage/pen/stall (microenvironment) allow normal physiological & behavioral needs -urination, defecation allow conspecific social interaction & develop hierarchies animals remain clean & dry allow access to food & water -permit easy filling, refilling, changing, service, clean utensils secure environment no sharp edges/projections smooth, impervious surfaces with minimal ledges, angles, corners, overlapping surfaces reduced dirt, debris, moisture accumulation constructed of durable materials -resist corrosion, withstand rough handling w/o chipping, cracking, rusting (stainless steel, polypropylene/carbonate) -sanitation Specialized housing: IVC, filter top cage, isolators, cubicles minimize spread of airborne ds agents require special care & husbandry -aseptic handling techniques, specialized cleaning, disinfecting or sterilization to reduce contamination special materials for construction -poly sulfone Space factors: body weight surface area vertic...

1. T emperature: thermoneutral zone TNZ 4.4 (huddling together & ruffling feathers) to 29.4C (hold wings away from body & decrease feed intake) mice 26-34C, rats 26-30C, neonates higher lower critical temperature 2. Humidity: 30 to 70% mice increase preweaning mortality rats if low ringtail (ischemic necrosis of tail) 3. Ventilation: air quality supply adequate O2 remove thermal loads (caused by animal respiration, lights, equipment) dilute gaseous (ammonia, CO2) filter out contaminants adjust moisture content 10-15 fresh air changes per h depend on heat loads, species, size & no of animals, type of primary enclosures & bedding, room dimensions, efficiency of air distribution HVAC: heating, ventilation, air con -exhaust air recycled -cross contamination IVC: individual ventilated cage -poly sulfone HEPA: high efficiency particle air filtered 4. Illumination factors to consider: light intensity & wavelength, duration of animal's current & prior exposure to li...