BIOMED NOTES 24/25

Research examples:  1.  First pig kidney transplant in a person: what it means for the future https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00879-y https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4n1l9g2wn9o remove certain gene markers - recipient accept organs 2.  Monkey survives for 2 years after gene-edited pig-kidney transplant https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03176-2 3. First sickle cell gene therapy patient https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/21/health/sickle-cell-disease-gene-therapy-patient.html BM stem cell of sickle cell - remove mutation & put in correct gene - chemotherapy - remove all BM cell - stem cell in correct sequence replace 换血 Variations: difference btwn different organisms Genetics: the study of how heritable traits are transmitted from parents to offspring Gene contains info to make protein: fx product Genes are made up of DNA and nucleotides DNA composed of 2 strands, antiparallel double helix held together by hydrogen bonds base-pair = nucleotide pairin...

Genetics: fraction of bio that studies hereditary gene activity underlies all biological processes study of genetics involves understanding of biological properties transmitted from parents to offspring study genes, molecular nature of these genes, how genes transmitted study how these genes are expressed, how genes' activity is regulated how these genes control all biological processes  Genotype: inside gene Phenotype: physical appearance https://byjus.com/biology/genotype-and-phenotype-difference/ Classic genetics: from Mendel to Central Dogma of genetics 1866-1941 experiments in plant hybridization 1865 Mendel's Garden Pea Pisum sativum  Modern genetics: from Central Dogma of genetics 1941  George Beadle & Edward Tartum: one gene, one enzyme/one gene-one peptide from mutant strains of common bread mold neurospora grown in baths of chemical nutrients  Watson & Crick: DNA structure Paul Berg: genetic engineering  Subdisciplines:  1. Transmission g...