BIOMED NOTES 24/25

MTF chigger mite, dermodex, pediculosis, scrub typhus, japanese river fever all mosquito - larvae, virus - siphon plasmodium-erythrocyte cleared by what phagocyte  strongyloides hookworm  trematodes - schistosoma, paragonimus, liver flukes SBAQ IFN-y & IL-12 s. hematobium eggs - terminal spine cestode - diphyllobothrium latum, taenia, spirometra mansonoides  trematode - heterophyes2 SAQ Sarcoptes scabiei - genus & sp, ds, pathogenesis, prevention Ascaris lumbricoides - pathogenesis, MOT, chronic intestinal complication Schistosoma  MOT: Skin penetration by cercaria  schistosomulae - portal vein - liver - mature - target system - lay eggs - eggs hatch - miracidia penetrate tissue - snail - sporocyst - cercaria  acute: Katayama fever, leukocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly  chronic: granuloma  venous plexus of bladder/mesenteric venules of rectum & bowel  mansoni - lateral spine 逗号 with mature miracidium 内  hematobium - terminal spi...

1. β-Thalassemia Gene / Chromosome: HBB gene, chromosome 11 Inheritance: Autosomal recessive Pathophysiology: Reduced or absent β-globin → excess α-globin → hemolysis & ineffective erythropoiesis Clinical types:   * Trait (minor): heterozygous, mild anemia   * Intermedia: moderate anemia, may not need transfusion   * Major: homozygous, severe anemia, transfusion-dependent Clinical features: Anemia, growth retardation, bone deformities, hepatosplenomegaly Diagnosis: CBC, Hb electrophoresis, genetic testing Management: Transfusions, iron chelation, bone marrow transplant, genetic counseling --- 2. Sickle Cell Anemia Gene / Mutation: HBB gene, chromosome 11; Glu→Val at codon 6 Inheritance: Autosomal recessive Pathophysiology: HbS polymerizes → RBCs sickle → hemolysis, vaso-occlusion Clinical features: Hemolytic anemia, jaundice, pain crises, hemarthrosis, stroke, splenic sequestration, chronic organ damage (kidney, eye, bone) Acute crises: Pain, stroke, acute chest syndr...