BIOMED NOTES 24/25

Pregnancy 280d 40w full term w37-42 pre-term b4 w37 post term after w42 first trimester w1-13 second w14-27 third w38-42 parturition: process of giving birth cell division purpose of meiosis: crossover  provides each germ cell with n DNA  spermatogenesis 64-75d sperm=acrosome, head DNA, middle piece mitochondria, tail microtubule, condensation of nucleus, shed cytoplasm sertoli cells secrete seminal fluid  Leydig cells btwn seminiferous tubules secrete testosterone gametogenesis oogenesis  ovulation Graafian follicle size+ by FSH LH oocyte + cumulus oophorus  rearrange around zona pellucida corona radiata granulosa cells, theca interna vascularized  luteal cell by LH corpus luteum progesterone + estrogen secretory stage  oocyte transport  fimbriae  if no fertilization, corpus luteum degenerate  corpus albicans (fibrotic scar tissue) if fertilization, hCG prevent corpus luteum degenerate  corpus luteum produce progesterone  plac...

Cells Prokaryote Eukaryote Cell membrane Plasma membrane lipid ICF ECF selectively permeable phospholipid  amphipathic protein span/partially span membrane: CAM, receptor, carrier, enzyme, self-marker carbs attach outer surface + regulatory molecules cholesterol stabilize membrane Fluid Mosaic Model fx:  barrier separate outside & inside of cell control flow of substances identify cell -immune cells intercellular signaling Membrane proteins integral: intrinsic, transmembrane, attach to one side of bilayer by covalent bond to FA peripheral: extrinsic, cytoskeleton, attach to polar head/integral  glycoprotein: protein + carbs grp, protrude into ECF glycocalyx: glycolipid + glycoprotein, cell recognition channels carrier molecules -thyroid gland iodine carrier receptor docking marker acceptors membrane-bound enzymes cell adhesion molecules CAM -cadherins Movement  uncharged molecules move freely: water, ammonia, O2, CO2 Cytoplasmic organelles Nucleus control center ...

Physiology: study of biological fx of human body Cell physiology: the scientific study of physiological processes operating within and among cells, and intracellular communication & behavior, in the context of larger systems & whole organisms  A single drop of blood = 5000k RBC, 5~10k WBC, 200~300k platelets Chemical level matter: atoms held together by chemical bonds elements: building blocks of matter inorganic: water organic: carbs, lipids, proteins, NA, ATP major elements: CHON minor elements: Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg, I, Fe trace elements: copper (+Fe = RBC) zinc (immunity, mitosis, healing, taste, smell) basic level atoms: smallest unit molecule: >2 atoms ions: atoms gives up/gain e compound: substance contains atoms of >2 differ elements cations: H, Na, K, NH4, Mg, Ca, Fe anions: F, Cl, I, OH, HCO3, O, SO4, PO4 Cellular level: basic structural & smallest fx units Tissue level: grp of cell similar fx -epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous Organ level: struc...

Types Appearance Function Location Simple squamous Single layer Flat Disc nuclei Sparse cytoplasm Diffusion Filtration Secretion of serous fluid  Alveoli  Cardiovascular Kidney glomeruli Serosae  Simple cuboidal  Cube cell Spherical nuclei Absorption Secretion  Walls of kidney tubules Glands  Ovary surfaces  Simple columnar Tall cell Oval nuclei  Goblet cell Secretion Movement  Cilia: small bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus  No cilia: digestive, gallbladder  Pseudostratified columnar Single layer Differ height Secretion, propulsion of mucus  Cilia: trachea No cilia: sperm-carrying duct Stratified squamous Cube/columnar base Flat cells surface  Protection to abrasion Keratin: epidermis No keratin: esophagus, mouth vagina Stratified cuboidal  2 cell layer thick Rare Sweat and mammary glands  Stratified columnar - Limited @ transition area Pharynx, male urethra, gland ducts  Transitional  Several layers Cuboi...