Endocrine Ds

Endocrine ds 

Causes

• metabolic factor
• physical damage 
• congenital ds

DM

• DMT1
• autoimmune ds
• polyuria
• polydipsia
• glucosuria 
• DMT2
• insulin resistance
• obesity 
• diabetic retinopathy
• diabetic nephropathy
• diabetic neuropathy 

DI 

• low ADH
• polyuria
• dehydration
• thirst 

Hypothyroidism 

• metabolism slow
• lethargy, fatigue
• cold intolerance
• weight gain
• loss appetite
• bradycardia = slow HR
• hyperlipidemia 

Hyperthyroidism

• metabolism speed up
• heat intolerance
• weight loss
• increase appetite
• hyperreflexia
• tachycardia = abnormal HR

Goiter

• enlarged thyroid gland
• high TSH
• unable to produce TH
• iodine deficiency 

Grave's ds

• autoimmune ds
• high TH
• iodine load
• hyperthyroidism 

Addison's ds

• primary adrenal insufficiency 
• autoimmune ds
• insufficient cortisol
• low aldosterone
• high ACTH

Cushing's syndrome

• high cortisol 
• cause: corticosteroid medication
• hypertension
• DM
• Moon face
• Buffalo hump 

Acromegaly 

• high GH
• no increase height
• bone size increase
• broad facial features
• enlarged lower jaw

Hyperparathyroidism 

• high PTH
• cause: parathyroid adenoma 
• hypercalcemia 
• high renal reabsorption of Ca
• high VD activation
• high bone resorption 
• asymptomatic
• recurrent kidney stones

Hypoparathyroidism 

• low PTH
• cause: surgery, rare systemic ds - cancer 
• hypocalcemia
• neuromuscular irritability - tetany 
• seizure

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 

• interfere w endocrine at certain dose
• source:
• industry: PCB, dioxin
• pesticide: DDT, atrazine
• plastic: BPA, phthalate
• personal care: paraben, triclosan 
• impact:
• reproductive
• thyroid